雄蜂的形态显微图(上)

湖北天马养蜂场2011-07-31 12:50:00蜜蜂外部形态5685

这篇文章用显微镜从雄蜂各个角度进行拍摄说明,一张图片为一个角度,图片下面为相应的解说文字。

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEHEAD

Frontalvieofthedronehead.

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONECOMPOUNDANDSIMPLEEYE

TOPRIGHT.Compoundeyecoveredwithinterfacetalhairs.Theseinnervatedsetaeariseintheinterstitialspacebetweenadjacentfacetsofthecompoundeye.Atthebaseofeachhairisasinglebipolarneuron.Thesehairsaremechanoreceptors;bybendingtheymonitordirectionofwindcurrentsandairspeed.(x140)

TOPLEFT.Highermagnificationofthecornealsurfaceofthecompoundeyeshowingthesocketedbaseofeachhairandthehexagonaloutlineofeachlensfacet.Lensfacetsattheperipheryoftheeyeoftenhaveotherfrontalviewgeometricshapes.(x1,400)

BOTTOMLEFT.Longitudinalsectionthroughthecorneallensofthecompoundeye.Thedeepcleftthroughthelensmarkstheboundaryofoneommatidium;thisrecessalsoprovidesthespacenecessarytohousetheneuronandgliaofthehair.Thebiconvexdesignofeachlensfacetandthecuticularlaminationsarealsoevident.(x1,650)

BOTTOMRIGHT.Onemedialandtwolateralocelli.Thesethree"simple"photoreceptororgansarelocatedonthevertexoftheheadbetweenthetwocompoundeyes.Ocelliusuallydonotformimages.Thesephotoreceptorsmaymonitorlightlevelsandpossiblyprovideinputtosomephotoperiodicallyentrainedcircadianrhythms.Nofunctionisknownfortheprofusebundlesoffinehairsbetweentheocelli.(x60)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEANTENNAANDBASE

TOP.Droneantenna.Therearetwelvesectionsoftheantenna.Thedroneantennahasfarfewertrichoidsensilla(theveryshortwhite11whiskers"ontheflagellum)thandoqueenandworkerantennae(seePlates1.6and2.4).(x53)

BOTTOMRIGHTHighermagnificationoftheantennalbaseshowingthebasalknobofthescapeinsertingintothemembrane-linedantennalsocket.Microtrichiaareabundantoverthis"membrane."Ranksofsocketed(putative)mechanoreceptorhairscompletelyencirclethebase.(x347)

BOTTOMLEFTArticulationbetweentwoantennal(flagellar)sections.Eachsubdivision(theyarenottruesegments)fitsintothesucceedingonewithoutanyrealarticulationormusculature.Thebaseofeachannularportioninsertsintoasmallcavityoftheonebehindit.Spinesareabsentontheintersegmentalmembranes.(x304)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEANTENNA

TOPElbowdividingtheantennaintoabasalstalk(scape)(extendingdiagonallytotheleft)andamoreflexibledistalportion(projectingdownward).Thepedicelisthesecondsegmentoftheantennaandlocatedattheelbow(afterthescape);theflagellar"segments"follow.Theflagellumcanbemovedrelativetothescapebytwomusclesthatoriginateinthescapeandinsertinthepedicel.Flagellar"segments"donotarticulatewitheachother,noraremusclespresentbetweenflagellarsections.(x88)

BOTTOMClose-upoftheelbow.Theintersegmentalmembranebetweenscapeandpedicelisstuddedwithshort,slenderhairs.Someofthestouter,longersetaeofthepedicelarebentasthepedicel-flagellumtwists.Thesehairsmaybeproprioceptorsthat,whenbent,reporttheattitudeoftheflagelluminspacetothecentralnervoussystem.(x720)

TOPRIGHTHighermagnificationofthelateralsurfaceofthefirstflagellarsegmentoftheantennainthetopleftmicrograph,immediatelybelowthepedicel-flagellumboundary.Adozenstout,socketedhairs(sensillachaetica)areinterspersedamongplateorgans(sensillaplacodea).Thecenterdomeoftheseplateorgansisexquisitelythincuticlethatiseasilybrokeninspecimenpreparation.Afewintactplateorgansarevisibleontheperipheryofthefield.(x660)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEANTENNATip

TOPRIGHTTerminalthreesegmentsoftheantenna.Atthismagnificationallthatisvisiblearepegorgansandthefaint,pebble-grainedeffectcreatedbytheprofusionofplateorgans.Bothpegandplateorgansareolfactoryorgans.Thepitsonthelasttwosegmentsarereallyaggregationsofahalfdozenorsopitorgans(sensillacoeloconica,sensillaampullacia).(x140)

TOPLEFT.Highermagnificationofthreeantennalsegments.Thethreesenseorgans(peg,pit,andplatesensilla)aremoreevidentatthismagnification.(x420)

BOTTOMLEFT.Tenpitorganssetinacuticulardepressionandsurroundedbyplateorgans.Onesocketedpegisvisibleatthetop.Thepresenceoffreespaceatthepegbasemaypermitthehairshafttomove;ifso,thishairmaybeamechanoreceptor.(x4,200)

BOTTOMRIGHT.Cuticulardepressionontheantenna]segment.Inthisviewpitorganspredominatebuttwo"pits"(at11o'clock)arecapped;theseorgansmaybecampaniformsensilla,andifso,theymustbemechanoreceptorsmonitoringstrainsofthecuticle.Itisnotknownwhythiswholecuticulardepressionappearssobright.Evenifaresidualstaticchargeatthislocusattractedmoregoldintheshadowingprocess,itremainsamysterywhysuchachargewouldbepreferentiallylocatedhereandpersistafterdeath.(x1,705)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEANTENNATIP,VENTRALSURFACE

TOPLowmagnificationoftheantennatip.Atleastfourmorphologicalvariationsofthepegorganscanberesolved,andmostoftheseareclosetotheantennaterminus.Theplateorgansarelocatedmoreposteriorlyandarecircumferentiallyarrangedaroundthissegment(x306)

BOTTOMLEFTHighermagnificationoftheantennashowingthickpegs,plateorgans,andpitorgans.Eachpitorganbearsacuriousbrightmarginarounditsorifice.Odormoleculesenterthepitaseasilyastheypenetratethetinyporesthatradiateoutinspokelikefashionontheplateorgans.(x1,100)

BOTTOMRIGHTThick-setpegorgansandmoreslender,curvedhairs,allsetinsockets.Thecurlingtipsofsomeofthesehairsmaybetheresultofelectronbeamdamage.(x3,300)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEANTENNASURFACE

BOTTOMRIGHTSurveyoftheterminalsevensegmentsoftheantenna.(x255)

BOTTOMLEFT.Highermagnificationofthetipoftheantennashowingthepacked,ovalplatereceptors(sensillaplacodea)andthewhiskeryappearanceofshortpeg(basiconic)sensillaandslenderhairs(sensillachaetica).Thereareninedistincttypesofsenseorganslocatedontheworkerantenna(onlythreetypesareseeninthisfield).ComparewithPlate2.4,workerantenna.(x60)

TOPHighermagnificationoftheplate,peg,andchaetica-typereceptorsonthepenultimatesegmentoftheantenna.(x1,800)

MIDDLERIGHTPlateandpegorgansonthenexttolastsegmentoftheantenna.Bothtypesareolfactoryorgans.(x3,750)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEMOUTHPARTS

TOPLEFTPhotomontageoftheretractedmouthparts,ventralview.IntheLippercenterofthefieldaretheincisorlike(triangular),pairedgaleae,andtotheimmediaterightisoneofthetwolabialpalps.Crossedmandiblesariseaboveandareatrightanglestothegaleae,withthepairedantennaevisibleabovethemandiblesatthisviewingangle.Theuprighttuftsofsetaeoneithersideofthemandiblesaretheinterfacetalhairsofthecompoundeyes.Thecervixandpairedepisternalscleritesarevisiblebelowthegaleae.ComparewithPlates2.7and2.10,theworkermouthparts.(x31)

TOPRIGHTRetractedmouthparts,frontalview.Atthisviewinganglethecurvedandpointedgaleaepartlyshroudthelabialpaipsandalmostcom-pletelycovertheshortglossa(tongue),whoseterminusisvisibleatthePointwherethegaleaefirstcross.Atthetopofthisfigurearethehirsute,crossedmandibles.(x65)

BOTTOMLEFTHighermagnificationofthefrontalview.Attheverytopofthefieldistheplatelikeclypeus,andsuccessivelybelowthatarethelabrum,mandibles,andgaleae,whichlargelycoverthelabiumwiththeexceptionofthefinalsegmentsoflabialpalps.(x63)

MIDDLERIGHTInteriorsurfaceofthemandibles.Twotiersofstout,socketedhairsareonthismedialsurface.(x135)

BOTTOMRIGHTHighermagnificationofseveralhairsonthemedialsideofthemandibleinthemiddlerightmicrograph.(x450)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEMOUTHPARTS

TOPLEFTDronemouthpartsanteriorview.Thetwodagger-shapedgaleaeoverliethepaired(andsomewhatsplayed-out)labialpalps.Therelativelyshortglossa(tongue)ishiddenfromviewbythesemouthparts.Atthetopofthefieldhirsutemandiblesextendhorizontally,atrightanglestothegaleaeandpalps.(x65)

TOPRIGHT.Close-upofthesurfaceofagaleashowingseveralstout,socketedhairswithflutedsides.Thehairsarisefromthetransverselyfurrowedcuticle.(x1,600)

BOTTOMLEFT.Dronemouthparts,posteriorview.Theveryhirsute,relativelyshort,cylindricalglossahangsdownbetweentheflankinglabialpalps.(x55)

MIDDLERIGHT.Distalfoursegmentsofthelablurn.(x43)

BOTTOMRIGHTLabialpalpwithitsfewpegandtrichoidsensilla.Thetipofthegaleaisimmediatelybelowthelabialpalp.(x170)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEGLOSSA

TOPLEFT.Glossa(tongue)protrudingoutovertheretractedgaleaeofthemaxillae.Behindthegaleaeandratherobscuredbythemarethepairedlabialpalps.(x63)

TOPRIGHT.Partiallydissectedventralviewoftherelativelyshortglossaflankedbythefour-segmentedlabialpalps.Thelengthofthedroneglossaislessthanhalfthatoftheworker.ComparewithPlate2.7.(x65)

BOTTOMLEFT.Posteriorviewoftheglossa,withfurtherdissectionofthemouthparts(bilateralexcisionofthelabialpalps).Theshortglossahangsdownbetweentherightandleftgaleae,eachwithhairsonthemedialmargin.Betweenthegaleaeandpartlycoveredbytheglossaisthepostmentum.Thearrowpointstoanareafurthermagnifiedinthemiddlerightmicrograph.(x75)

MIDDLERIGHT.Posteriorviewofthebaseoftheglossa.Aglimpseoftheglossaisontheextremeupperleft.Ontherightseveralcuticularhairsofthegalearestonthesideofthepostmentum(arrowinbottomleftmicrograph).(x270)

BOTTOMRIGHT.Distaltipoftheglossa.Theexpanded,spoonliketipiscalledtheflabellum.(x720)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEHEAD,DETACHED,POSTERIORVIEW

MIDDLE.Roundoccipitalforamen,vithsheared-offtissuesprotrudingoutofit,flankedbytwocrescent-shaped,posteriortentorialpits.Twoventrolaterallysituatedhairplatesarelocatedonthecuticularridgeimmediatelyalongsidetheoccipitalforamen.(x144)

BOTTOMLEFT.Entireleft28-setaehairplate.(x550)

BOTTOMRIGHT.Highermagnificationofthelefthairplateshowingthesocketednatureofeachmechanosensoryhair.(x1,760)

TOP.Smallapodemeatthebaseoftherighttentorialpitinthemiddlemicrograph.Therecessleadstotheventralpostoccipitaltentorialarm.(x900)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONE-CERVIX,DORSALVIEW

TOPDronecervix(neck).Inspecimenpreparation,theheadwasextendedfromthethoraxtostretchoutandshowtheextentofthemembranouscervix.Flexuousbodyhairsfromthepronotumareintheforeground.Thelateralanchoragesforthiscervicalmembranelieabovetheposteriortentorialpits,whiletheinedial(main)insertionisontotherunoftheoccipitalforamen.(x144)

BOTTOMCuticularscalesonthecervixathighermagnification.Eachellipsoidalscaleshowsonetoeightsmalltuberclesprojectingfromitsdorsalsurface.(x2,700)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONECERVIX

TOPDorsolateralhairplatecontactingthebackofthehead(rightandmiddlearrowsininset).Thesefortytrichoidsensilla,seeminglyinrowsatthisviewingangle,arecervicalinoriginwhilethebranchedhairsarefromthethoracicepisternum.(x288)

TOPINSET.Surveyofthewhole,stretched,dorsalcervix.(x88)

BOTTOM.Dorsolateralcervicalridge(leftarrowininset,topmicrograph)extendingverticallythroughthecenterofthefield.Thelowerextremityofthedorsolateralhairplateisatthetopofthefield(theheadistotheleft).(x360)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONECERVIX,VENTRALVIEW

MIDDLEThreetypesof(uninnervated)cuticularornamentation(theposteriorheadistothetop).Thebranchedhairsarefromthethorax;thelow,ellipticalscalesareintheposteriorhalfofthecervix(neck);andthetaller,tufted,multipointedscalesareneartheoccipitalregion.(x144)

TOPOverallcuticularhairdistributionanddensityoftheanteriorcervicaltufts.(x720)

BOTTOMVentrolateralmechanoreceptorhairplateontheoccipitalprocessoftheepisternum(upperleftquadrant).Thecuticular"hole"(farleft)maybepartofanapodeme.(x800)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONECERVIX,VENTRALVIEW

TOPLEFTExtendedcervix(neck)(theheadistothetop,thethoraxtothebottom).(X88)

TOPHIGHTCentral"lobe"areaontheventralcervix.CuticularscalesIIIthisareaareforthemostpartsolitaryspinesorblebs.ComparewithPlate2.17,theworkercervix.(x2,200)

MIDDLECervicalmembranewiththecervixextended.Eachcuticularscaleherehasfivetosevenspines,inseverallengths.(x3,600)

BOTTOMCervicalmembranewiththeneckcompressed.Inthisconditionthecuticularspinesfromneighboringscalesmeshandseeminglyoverlap.(x3,600)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONETHORAX

Lateralviewofthedronethorax.

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEFOREWINGBASE

Top.Photomontageofthedroneforewingbase.Atthefarleftistheheadwiththehairycompoundeye.Atthebottomisthespiracularlobe.Threescleritesareindescendingorderintherighthalfofthefield;mostdorsalisthetriangulartegula,belowwhicharethesupraepimeronandinfraepimeron.Thepleuralsulcusformstheleftsidemarginforthelatterpleurite.Themainveinsoftheleadingedgeofthewingextendtotheright(3o'clock).(x31)

BOTTOM.Close-upofkeywingsclerites.Thetriangulartegulaisthedominantscleriteinthelefthalfofthefield.Totherightofthebasalangleofthetegulaisthebilobedsecondaxillarysclerite.Thisplateisregardedasthepivotalscleriteofthewingbase.Totherightofthesecondaxillaryscleriteisaroughlytrapezoidal(inoutline)scleritecalledthemedianplate.(x100)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEFOREWINGBASE,CLOSE-UP

TOP.Droneforewingbase(theheadistothetop,dorsumtotheright)(seePlate3.18,topmicrograph).Theprobablesensoryreceptorsinthebottomthreemicrographsarelocatedonthepleuralplate(arrow).(x190)

BOTTOMLEFT.Close-upofauniquelybranchedhairandnonsocketedhairaboveonanareacoveredbycuticularscales.(x1,175)

BOTTOMMIDDLE.Hairinthebottomleftmicrograph,withthefieldextendedtoshowthesmallpeglikesensillum.(x1,700)

BOTTOMRIGHT.Highermagnificationofthecuticular"peg"inthebottommiddlemicrograph.Thepegisunusualinthatitisveryflattened,ratherthancolumnar.(x8,500)

 

雄蜂的形态显微图

DRONEWING,DORSALSURFACE

BOTTOMRIGHT.Dronewing,dorsalsurface,neartheanteriorwingmarginandwithintheultimatethirdofthewing.Wingveinsshowupasdarkwidelinesmeanderingthroughthewing.(x70)

BOTTOMLEFT.Close-upoftheforewingsurfaceshowingsinglerowsofsocketedsetaeemanatingfromtheveins.Thesemaybemechanoreceptorsinvolvedinmonitoringwingspeed.(x280)湖北天马养蜂场,加我们的微信一起学养蜂。

TOPRIGHT.Leadingedgeoftheforewing.Thesesetae,whichprojectfromtheanteriormostvein,aresocketedandmaypossiblybemechanoreceptors.Thisfieldisanareaabouttwo-thirdsofthedistancetothewingtip.(x650)

TOPLEFT.Veinonthedorsalsurfaceoftheforewingshowingseveralranksofsocketedhairsoneithersideofthewingvein.(x720)PLATE3.20.DRONEWING,DORSALSURFACE