ProgramDescription
B-EYEsimulatestheopticsofahoneybee's(Apismellifera)eye.Itisbasedonfindingsofanumberofanatomicalandbehaviouralstudies*.Iwillnotgointothebiologicaldetailsofhowthebee'seyeworkshere.InsteadIwillquicklygothroughthestepsofmyprogramtoshowhowabeewouldseeanant,asanexample.TheantistakenfromanillustrationbyMCEscher.
Theprogram'sinputconsistsofagreyscaleimageofthepatternwhichthe[model]beeislookingatandasetofparametersdeterminingthebee'sposition,thedimensionsofthepattern,thedesiredformofoutputetc.Inourcasetheimageisthatshowninfig.1,itshorizontaledgewouldbe2cmlong,andthebeeispositionedatadistanceof2cmdirectlyinfrontofit.
Fig.1
B-EYE'sfirststepistoprojecttheflatinputimageontothehemisphereofthebee'sfrontalvisualfield,positionedbetweenthebeeandthepatternandcentredaroundthebee.(Thebee'svisualfieldisactuallymuchbigger,butthepatternwillalwaysbeinfrontofthebee,soweneednotlookbackwards.)Dependingonhowclosethebeeistothepattern(relativetothepattern'ssize),thisstepcandistortthepatternquitesignificantly.Infig.2weareviewingtheprojectedimageonthehemisphere.Thebeeisinside,lookingoutofthescreentowardsthelowerleftcorner,whileweareoutside,somewhereclosetothepattern.
Fig.2
Thenextstepiswherethebee'sopticscomeintoplay.Bees,likemostotherinsects,havecompoundeyes,ie.arraysofhundredsofsingleeyes,eachwithitsownlensandeachlookinginadifferentdirection.Tomodelthis,B-EYEusesasinglearrayofommatidia(singleeyes)inwhichalloftherelevantparameters(anglesbetweenommatidia,visualfieldsofommatidia)arethesameasintherealbee.Thismodeleyenowlooksattheprojectedimageonthehemisphere.(Themodelbeecouldjustaswelllookattheoriginalpicture,buttheprojectionontoahemispherereducestheprocessingtimedramatically.)Fig.3showstheresultofthisstep,whereeachsingledotdepictsthegreylevelthattherespectiveommatidiumperceives.Intheinsetthedotswereexpandedtofillinthegaps.
Fig.3
Theommatidiaofrealbees'eyesarearrangedinahexagonalarray.Butbecausetheommatidialookindirectionswhicharenotnecessarilyradialwithrespecttothecentreofthebee'shead,thisarraydoesnotcorrespondtotheoneinfig.3.Therefore,ifwewanttoknowwhatabeeseesattheleveloftheretina,wehavetodisplaythearrayasitisontheeye'ssurface,whichisthelaststepofB-EYE.Fig.4showsthefinaloutput,ahexagonalarrayofpatches,eachpatchcorrespondingtooneommatidium.Thewhitearearepresentsthehemisphereofthebee'sfrontalvisualfield.
Fig.4
TheGallery
TheGalleryoffersyouanumberofpreprocessedimageswhicharereadytodownload.SomeofthemarepatternsIuseinmybehaviouralexperimentstotrainandtestthebees,othersweredesignedtotestB-EYE,andfinallythereareafewmorerealisticscenesaswell.(ThebeeandspiderpicturesoriginatefromtheSmithsonianInstitution.)Eachimagecanberetrievedastheoriginal,theprojectionontoahemisphere(anintermediatestageintheprocessing;foranexplanationseeProgramDescription)orthefinaloutput,ie.theviewthroughabee'seye.湖北天马养蜂场，加我们的微信一起学养蜂。
Theparametersusedfortheprocessingofeachimagewerechosentoproduceinterestingoutputs.Ifyouwanttochooseyourownparameters,theSubmitpageallowsyoutodoso.
B-EYEusesonlygreyscaleimages.OnereasonforthisisthatveryfewofthepatternsIuseformyexperimentscontaincolours.Anotherreasonisthatthebee'scolourperceptionisquitedifferentfromours
Original | Projection | Viewthroughabee'seye |
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